Kauaʻi record · kba_plant_hibiscus_kokio
Kokiʻo
Hibiscus kokio
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About Kokiʻo
Kokiʻo (Hibiscus kokio) is a tree; shrub recorded on Kauaʻi. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
Kauaʻi evidence
Accepted status, Kauaʻi occurrence, nativity, growth form, and names were audited against the 2026 Smithsonian checklist and linked habit source. Scientific synonyms: Hibiscus arnottianus var. kokio (Hillebr.) Hochr.; Hibiscus kahilii C. N. Forbes; Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. Ex. Wawra; Hibiscus kokio var. pekeloi O. Deg. & I. Deg.; Hibiscus kokio var. pukoonis Caum; Hibiscus oahuensis O. Deg. & I. Deg.; Hibiscus ula O. Deg. & I. Deg.; Hibiscus roetae H. St. John; Hibiscus saintjohnianus M. J. Roe.
Names and classification
- Scientific name
- Hibiscus kokio
- Common names
- Hawaiian red hibiscus · Red rosemallow · St. John's hibiscus · St. John's rosemallow
- Hawaiian names
- Kokiʻo · Kokiʻo ʻula · Kokiʻo ʻulaʻula · Mākū
- Other names
- Hibiscus kokio · Kokiʻo · Hawaiian red hibiscus · Red rosemallow · St. John's hibiscus · St. John's rosemallow · Kokiʻo ʻula · Kokiʻo ʻulaʻula · Mākū · Hibiscus arnottianus var. kokio (Hillebr.) Hochr. · Hibiscus kahilii C. N. Forbes · Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. Ex. Wawra · Hibiscus kokio var. pekeloi O. Deg. & I. Deg. · Hibiscus kokio var. pukoonis Caum · Hibiscus oahuensis O. Deg. & I. Deg. · Hibiscus ula O. Deg. & I. Deg. · Hibiscus roetae H. St. John · Hibiscus saintjohnianus M. J. Roe
- Record type
- Species
Kauaʻi occurrence and status
- Kauaʻi occurrence
- Recorded on Kauaʻi
- Origin
- Endemic
- Conservation status
- Smithsonian checklist assessment: Rare; U.S. status: No Status
- Evidence date
- 2026-10-05
- Evidence limits
- Island-level occurrence is retained; finer locality is intentionally withheld
Habitat and ecology
- Habitats
- Dry forest · Mesic forest
- Food and resource needs
- Light, water, nutrients, and suitable habitat substrate
- Reproduction
- Viable flowers or seed and suitable establishment conditions; species-specific reproductive review remains open
- Shelter
- Suitable native vegetation structure and substrate
- Growth form
- Tree; Shrub
Threats and conservation
- Threats
- Species-specific threat review pending; no fine-location evidence is published in this card
- Conservation actions
- Protect native habitat and verify species-specific actions against current conservation sources
- Monitoring
- Taxonomic identity, population condition, recruitment, and locally documented pressures; exact locations withheld
- Data gaps
- Species-specific ecology and threat citations · Reproductive phenology · Fine-scale habitat information intentionally not published
Process and seasonal context
- Seasonal timing
- Not assessed
- Seasonal description
- Kokiʻo (Hibiscus kokio) is a tree; shrub recorded on Kauaʻi. It is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.