Kauaʻi record · KBA-HERP-0006
European Toad
Bufo bufo
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About European Toad
European Toad (Bufo bufo) has verified historical Kauaʻi records, but current persistence has not been demonstrated.
Names and classification
- Scientific name
- Bufo bufo
- Common names
- European Toad
- Family
- Bufonidae
- Order
- Anura
Kauaʻi occurrence and status
- Kauaʻi occurrence
- Historic
- Origin
- Introduced
- Conservation status
- Not assessed
- Evidence limits
- Historic records are strong, but absence of recent evidence is not treated as demonstrated absence.
Habitat and ecology
- Habitats
- Historical Kauaʻi occurrence; habitat use of any surviving population is unknown.
- Food and resource needs
- Primarily animal prey; small invertebrates are important for most listed amphibians.
- Reproduction
- Species-appropriate breeding sites, moisture, and temperature; aquatic water bodies for pond-breeding species.
- Shelter
- Moist soil, vegetation, litter, crevices, banks, or aquatic edge structure depending on species.
Threats and conservation
- Threats
- Current ecological role on Kauaʻi unknown because persistence is unresolved.
- Conservation actions
- Early detection, containment/control where feasible, prevent intentional release or transport, protect high-value native habitats, and monitor ecological effects.
- Monitoring
- Resolve current persistence with targeted surveys and documented negative/positive detections.
- Data gaps
- Current persistence is unresolved.
Process and seasonal context
- Seasonal timing
- Year-round with activity/reproduction influenced by rainfall and temperature
- Seasonal description
- European Toad (Bufo bufo) has verified historical Kauaʻi records, but current persistence has not been demonstrated.